An inventory of fungi found on the southwest shore of Manitoulin Island, and from an area in the Matchedash district of Severn Township of Ontario, Canada. 
  Coordinated by Nancy Ironside, an avid amateur, with about 20 years of collecting experience.

 

  Study Area Grouped Fungi Collections
 

 
 

                Some years ago, I acquired two pieces of land – one piece on the Manitoulin  Island, on limestone, and one near Orillia, (Matchedash District, Severn Township) on granite. The flora of these two areas are very different.

                Because I had been interested in other aspects of nature – birding, butterflies, flora – all of which make lists of sightings, and inventories of plants- it seemed appropriate that I should make an inventory of the mushrooms on or near these two sites.

                When I first showed my list to Dr. John Krug (Royal Ontario Museum), he said it was interesting, but ‘where were the voucher specimens’.  So, in 1995, I started to make collections of my findings, dry them, write descriptions, and submit them to herbariums.

                As the years have gone by, various professionals have visited the sites, and helped me with the collections, identifications and descriptions. Other professionals have helped me with some of the identifications from the voucher specimens. Experienced amateurs have helped with the identification, and inexperienced friends have helped with the collections. However, I have been involved in all the collections, photographing, naming and organizing. If others have been involved I have always used the names of the most expert person as the Determinor, although others may have assisted.

                The data have been stored in File Maker Pro 5 (initially in d-Base).

Photos were often taken, however, until I acquired a digital camera, and could coordinate the photo with the collection almost immediately, we did not use many of the pictures because of the possibility of confusion.  Almost all of the more recent collections have photos – sometimes in the field, sometimes as a collection, and sometimes to demonstrate some microscopic feature. Sometimes a coin is used to give the size, however, mostly this was not done. Sizes of mushrooms appear in the descriptions anyway.  Magnification of the microscopic features is not usually given, since the magnification would change depending on the size of the container field which accepts the photos in the database.

The descriptions are of the specimen collected. This is not intended as a field guide for those wishing to learn the species. My skill in making descriptions and identification has improved over the years. Sometimes an unusual specimen with unusual features is included in the inventory, even though we may suspect that the name is incorrect. Otherwise, valuable data and species might be lost, since specimens must have a name to be filed and retrieved. Some specimens that I could not name have not been submitted to a herbarium – in fact many have been discarded.

Colour charts are a perennial problem.  Most colour charts are either very expensive or unavailable, or both. I have the ISCC-NBS Color Charts Standard Sample No. 2106 (Kelly 1965) and these 18 sheets have been the mainstay. Occasionally someone has visited with a different colour chart, and if so, that has been noted.

The species are arranged in groups, using Yves Lamoureux’s system, used in his L’Herbier de Macromycetes du Cercle des Mycologues de Montreal.  See: Groups of Fungi

                        Many lists have been made at fungi forays, and this is valuable. However, they are strongly skewed towards the easily identifiable, since no one has the time at a foray to identify fungi that can only be distinguished microscopically.

I welcome friendly criticism and revisions and comments, which should be sent to me at nancy.ironside@sympatico.ca, and if feasible, this will be added to the specimen description, usually under “remarks”. The actual file cannot be changed, since it has already been submitted and filed in a herbarium. It may be possible to make new collections from a similar area, which could be submitted another year, with corrections.

Range maps for Europe usually show the distribution of fungi for each country. The Netherlands seems to be able to show distribution of species for grid units of 5x5 sq. km. I do not believe we could show range maps in North America even for each province or state. I hope this study will increase our knowledge of the ranges of our North American species.

 
 
  Study Area Grouped Fungi Collections

Fungi Database includes: Agaricus abruptibulbus Agaricus campestris Agaricus dulcidulus Agaricus fuscofibrillosus Agaricus sylvaticus Albatrellus ovinus Albatrellus subrubescens Aleuria aurantia Aleuria rhenana Aleurodiscus oakesii Alnicola Naucoria cf. sphagneti Alnicola melinoides Amanita ceciliae Amanita ceciliae Amanita rubescens Amanita brunnescens var. brunnescens Amanita ceciliae Amanita citrina Amanita flavoconia Amanita frostiana Amanita fulva Amanita muscaria Amanita porphyria Amanita vaginalis var vaginata Amanita virosa Amphinema byssoides Armillaria gallica Armillaria ostoyae Arrhenia polycephala Arrhenia retiruga Ascocoryne cylichnium Asterophora lycoperdoides Asterostroma cf fulvum Romell Athelia epiphylla Athelia neuhoffii Bres Donk Auriscalpium vulgare Austroboletus gracilis Baeospora myosura Baespora myriadophylla Bankera fuligineoalba Bisporella citrina Bjerkandera adusta Boletopsis subsquamosa Boletus campestris poss rubellus Boletus edulis Boletus miniato palescens Boletus ornatipes Boletus pallidus Boletus rubinellus Boletus subglabripes Botryobasidium botryosum Botryobasidium intertextum Botryobasidium pruinatum Bovista pusilla Bulgaria inquinans Calocybe fallax Caloscypha fulgens Camarophyllus colemannianus Camarophyllus subviolaceus Cantharellula umbonata Cantharellus cibarius Cantharellus ignicolor Cantharellus infundibuliformis Cantharellus lutesecens Cantharellus xanthopus lutescens Ceraceomyces serpens Ceriporia reticulata Cerrena unicolor Chalciporus piperatus Chalciporus rubinellus Chroogomphus vinicolor Chroomomphus rutilans Clavaria acuta Clavaria vermicularis Clavariadelphus truncatus Clavicorona pyxidata Clavulina cristata Clavulinopsis fusiformis Climacodon septentrionalis Climacystis borealis Clitocybe squamulosa Clitocybe candicans Clitocybe clavipes Clitocybe fragrans Clitocybe geotropa Clitocybe gibba Clitocybe leptoloma Bigelow Clitocybe martiorum Clitocybe truncicola Clitocybula familia Clitocybula lacerata Clitocybula ocula Clitopilus prunulus Collybia cookei Collybia confluens Collybia dryophila Collybia maculata Collybia subnuda Collybia tuberosa Coltricia cinnamomea Coltricia perennis Confertobasidium olivaceoalbum Conocybe Pholiotina filaris Conocybe tenera Coprinus atramentarius Coprinus micaceus Coprinus plicatus Cordyceps capitata Cordyceps ophioglosoides Cortinarius cf. vernus Cortinarius alboviolaceus Cortinarius anomulus Cortinarius armillatus Cortinarius brunneus Cortinarius calisteus Cortinarius cf. aureofulvus Cortinarius cf. odorifer Cortinarius cinnamomeus Cortinarius corrugatus Cortinarius cotoneus Fr Cortinarius croceifolius Cortinarius croceofolius malicorius Cortinarius delibutus Cortinarius elegantor Cortinarius hinnuleus Cortinarius huronensis Cortinarius infractus Cortinarius laniger Fr. Cortinarius mairei vel aff. Cortinarius malicorius Cortinarius michiganensis Cortinarius mucosus Cortinarius odorifer Cortinarius raphanoides Cortinarius scutulatus Cortinarius semisanguineus Cortinarius spilomeus Cortinarius subfulgens Cortinarius traganus Cortinarius trivialis Craterellus fallax Crepidotus applanatus Crepidotus herbarum Crepidotus mollis Crepidotus mollis Crepidotus pallidobrunneus Crucibulum laevea Cryptoporus volvatus Cyptotrama asprata Cystoderma fallax Cystoderma amianthinum Daedaleopsis confragosa Dendropolyporus umbellatus Diderma cf. spumarioides Discina perlatum Elaphomyces granulatus Entoloma abortivum Entoloma carneogriseum Entoloma cf formosum Entoloma cf sinuatum Entoloma cf versatile Entoloma cf. tenellum Entoloma jubatum or plebejum Entoloma lividoalbum Entoloma luridum Entoloma murrai Entoloma pseudoturci Entoloma salmoneum Entoloma sericellum Entoloma sinuatum Entoloma turbidum Entoloma nolanea vernum Flagelloscypha minutissima Burt Donk Flammulina velutipes Fuscoboletinus cf. grisellus Fuscoboletinus spectabilis Galerina autumnalis Galerina cf. mniophila Galerina marginalis Galerina sphagnorum Ganoderma tsugae Geastrum minimum Geastrum pectinatum Geastrum triplex Geoglossum glabrum Geoglossum simile Gleophyllum separium Gomphidius glutinosus Gomphus clavatus Gomphus floccosus Grifola frondosa Gymnopilus saponeus Gymnopilus penetrans Gymnopilus spectabilis cerasinus Gymnopus acervatus Gymnopus dryophilus Gyomitra infula Gyomitra infula Gyrodon merulioides Gyromitra esculenta Hapalopilus nidulansi Hebeloma cf. psammophilum Hebeloma crustiliniforme Hebeloma longicaudum Hebeloma mesophaeum Helvella crispa Helvella elastica Helvella infula Helvella lacunosa Helvella pezizoides Hemimycena Arrhenia delicatella polycephala Hemimycena cf. lactea Hemimycena delicatella Henningsomyces cf candidus Hericium corralloides Hericium americanum Hericium ramosum coralloides Hohenbuehelia angustatus Hohenbuehelia atrocaoerulea Hydnellum auriantiacum Hydnellum earlianum Hydnellum caeruleum Hydnellum concrescens Hydnellum concrescens Hydnellum ferrugineum Hydnellum scrobiculatum Hydnum Dentinum umbilicatum Hydnum Sarcodon imbricatum Hydnum repandum var. album Hygrocybe miniata Hygrocybe cantharellus Hygrocybe conica Hygrocybe laeta Hygrocybe punicea Hygrocybe virginea Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca Hygrophorus borealis Hygrophorus cuspidatus Hygrophorus laetus Hygrophorus agathosmus Hygrophorus chlorophanus Hygrophorus chrysodon Hygrophorus coccineus Hygrophorus conicus Hygrophorus eburneus Hygrophorus eburneus Hygrophorus erubescens Hygrophorus flavescens Hygrophorus flavodiscus Hygrophorus gliocyclus ligatus Hygrophorus hypothejus Hygrophorus laetus Hygrophorus marginatus Hygrophorus marginatus var. marginatus Hygrophorus miniatus Hygrophorus niveus Hygrophorus pratensis Hygrophorus pudorinus Hygrophorus russula Hygrophorus speciosus var. Kauffmanii Hygrophorus subviolaceous Hygrophorus virgineus Hygrophorus Hygrocybe psittacinus psittacina Hymenochaete subfuliginosa Hyphoderma setigerum Hyphodonta alienata Hyphodontia arguta Hyphodontia crustosa Hypholoma capnoides Hypholoma polytrichi Hypholoma sublateritium Hypholoma udum Hypochniciellum cremeoisabellinum Hypomyces auriantus Hypomyces lactifluorum Hypsizygus tessulatus Inocybe arenicola Inocybe rimosa fastigiata Inocybe acuta Inocybe cf longispora Inocybe geophylla Inocybe hystix Inocybe lanuginosa Inocybe leiocephala Inocybe serotina Inocybe subdestricta Inocybe vulpinella imigrans Inonatus obliquus Inonatus radiatus Irpex lacteus Ishnoderma resinosum Laccaria amethystina Laccaria lacata Laccaria ochropurpurea Laccaria proxima Lachnellula agassizii Lachnum virgineum Lactarius argillaceifolius Lactarius lignyotus var. marginatus Lactarius resimus Lactarius affinis Lactarius aquifluus Lactarius camphoratus Lactarius chelidonium chelidonides Lactarius deceptivus Lactarius deterrimus Lactarius glyciosmus Lactarius griseus Lactarius Kauffmanii Lactarius mucidua var. fuscogriseus Lactarius oculatus Lactarius pubescens Lactarius rufus Lactarius salmonicolor Lactarius scrobiculatus Lactarius speciosus Lactarius subdulcis Lactarius subpurpureus Lactarius thyinos Lactarius torminosus Lactarius uvidus Lactarius vinaceorufescens Laetiporus sulphureus Leccinum insigne Leccinum auriantiacum Leccinum griseonigrum Leccinum holopus var. americanus Leccinum insigne Leccinum insolens var brunneo maculatum Leccinum insolens var insolens Leccinum piceinum Leccinum scabrum Leccinum subgranulosum Leccinum varicolor Leccinum vulpinum Lentinellus ursinus Lentinellus vulpinus Leotia lubrica Leotia lubrica Leotia viscosa Lepiota cf cortinarius Lepiota clypeolaria Lepiota cristata Lepiota felina Lepiota procera Lepista inversa Lepista nuda Leptonia Entoloma poliopus Leptonia Entoloma jubatum Leptonia cf. asprella Leptonia parva Leptonia porphyrophaea Leptonia serrulata Leucogyrophana romelli Lycoperdon Vascellum curtisii Lycoperdon candidum marginatum Lycoperdon foetidum sensu Smith Lycoperdon perlatum Lyophyllum decastes Lyophyllum palustre Lyophyllum semitale Fr Kuehn Marasmius epiphyllus Marasmius androsaceus Marasmius cohaerens Marasmius rotula Marasmius scordonius Marasmius siccus Melanoleuca alboflavida Melanoleuca arcuata Melanoleuca melaleuca Melanoleuca polioleuca Melanoleuca stridula Microglossum fumosum Microglossum olivaceum Microglossum rufum Morchella conica Multiclavula mucida Mycena epipterygia var epipterygia Mycena pura Mycena rutilantiformis Mycena adonis Mycena amablissima Mycena borealis Smith Mycena cf unicolor Mycena cf ustalis Mycena cf. deceptor Mycena cf. silvae negrae Mycena cinerella Mycena epipterygia var. lignocola Mycena galericulata Mycena griseoviridis Mycena inclinata Mycena leaiana Mycena leptocephala Mycena polygramma Mycena pura Mycena sanguinolenta Mycena strobilinoides Myriosclerotina caricis ampullaceae Naucoria Alnicola cf escharoides Neolecta irregularis Omphalina Gerronema ericetorum Omphalina epichysium Omphalina gerardia Pachyella clypeata Pachyella clypeata Panellus serotinus Panellus stipticus Paneolus fimicola Panus strigosus Paxillus involutus Peniophora rufa Peziza badioconfusa Peziza repandum Phaeolus schweinitzii Phaeomarasmius erinaceelus Phallus ravenelii Phellinus ferruginosus Phellinus igniarius Phellinus igniarius Phellodon confluens Phlebia cretacea Phlebia incarnata Phlebia tremellosa Phlebiella vaga Phlebiella christansenii Phlebiella Aphanobasidium allantospora Pholiota aurivella Pholiota cf flavida Pholiota albocrenulata Pholiota alnicola Pholiota chromocystis Pholiota flavida var. flavida Pholiota flavida var. graveolens Pholiota granulosa Pholiota lenta Pholiota limonella Pholiota malicola Pholiota spumosa Pholiota squarrosoides Phyllotopsis nidulans Phyllotopsis nidulans Pisolisthus tinctorius Pleurocybella porrigens Pleurotus ostreatus Pleurotus pulmonarius Plicaturopsis crispa Pluteus admirabilis Pluteus atromarginatus Pluteus cervinus Pluteus chrysophaeus Pluteus flavofuligineus Pluteus lutescens Pluteus pellitus Pluteus tomentosulus Polyporus badius Polyporus squamosus Polyporus melanopus Polyporus melanopus Hypomyces Polyporus mori Polyporus varius Poria leucomallellus Poronidulus conchifer Porpoloma umbrosum Psathyrella ammophila Psathyrella candolleana Psathyrella cf. spadicea Psathyrella conissans Psathyrella hydrophila Psathyrella spadiceae cf cystidiosa Psilocybe atrobrunneus Psilocybe montana Pycnoporus cinnabarinus Ramaria aurea Ramariopsis kunzei Ramariopsis laeticolor Ramicola Simocybe sumptuosa Rhizopogon rubescens Rhodocollybia butyracea Rickenella fibula Rozites caperata Rozites caperata Russula aquosa Russula xerampelina Russula albonigra Russula brevipes Russula brevipes var. acrior Russula brunneola Russula cf decolorans Russula cf integra complex Russula cf subsection Urentinae Maculatinum Russula cf. silvicola Russula cf. vinacea Russula compacta Russula dadmunii Russula decolorans Russula emetica Russula flaviceps Russula fragilis Russula humidicola Russula laurocerasi var fragrans Russula montana Russula paludosa Russula peckii Russula pseudolepida Russula sanguinea Russula turci Russula variata Sarcodon imbricatus Sarcodon scabrosus Sarcoscypha coccinea Schizophyllum commune Schizopora paradoxa Scleroderma citrinum Scopuloides rimosa Scutellina scutellata Scutellinia scutellata Scytinostroma galactinum Fr. Donk Sistotrema brinkmanii Sistotrema octosporum Sistotrema sp. Sistotremastrum niveocremeum Spathularia flavida Sphaerobasidium minutum Steccherium fimbriatum Stereum sanguinolentum Stereum ostrea Strobilomyces floccopus Stropharia hornemanii Stropharia semiglobata Subulicystidium longisporum Suillus grevillei Suillus pictus Suillus tomentosus Suillus americanus Suillus brevipes Suillus cavipes Suillus granulatus Suillus luteus Suillus pictus Suillus salmonicolor Suillus serotinus Suillus tomentosus Syzgospora mycetophila Tephrocybe palustris Thelephora terrestris Tilachlidium brachiatum Tomentella cf. atrorubra Peck B.& G. Trametes elegans Trametes hirsuta Trametes pubescens Trametes trogii Trechispora cohaerens Trechispora lunata Romell Julich Trechispora microspora Tremella subencephala Band. & Ginns Tremelodendron pallidum Trichaptum abietinum Trichaptum biforme Trichia favoginea Tricholoma flavovirens Tricholoma saponaceum Tricholoma vaccinum Tricholoma aurantium Tricholoma auratum Tricholoma caligata Tricholoma columbetta Tricholoma flavovirens Tricholoma imbricatum Tricholoma imbricatum Tricholoma myomyces Tricholoma pardinum Ouelet Tricholoma pesundatum Tricholoma portentosum Tricholoma resplendens Tricholoma sejunctum Tricholoma sejunctum Tricholoma subresplendens Tricholoma terreum Tricholoma virgatum Tricholoma Armillaria magnivelore ponderosa Tricholomopsis cf sulfureoides Tricholomopsis flammula Tricholomopsis flavescens Tricholomopsis platyphylla Tubaria confragosa Tubaria furfuracea Tubulicrinis accedens Donk Tubulicrinis hirtellus Tubulicrinis subulatus Donk Tulasnella eichleriana Tulasnella violea Tulostoma simulans Tylopilus chromapes Tylopilus felleus Urnula craterium Ustulina deusta Volvariella bombycina Xerocomus subtomentosus Xeromphalina campanella Xeromphalina cauticinalis Xerula megalospora Xylaria hypoxolon